ABSTRACT
The use of digital means has made the public health emergency management more efficient and convenient. However, in the practice of managing public health emergencies, there are dilemmas in the protection of personal health information, such as the imperfect legal system, the weakened right of informed consent and control, the lack of reasonable norms in the collection and use of information, and the disclosure of personal health information. To solve the dilemma of personal health information protection, it is necessary to improve the corresponding legal mechanism, strengthen the classification of health information, standardize the behavior of health information collection and use, enhance the technical support of personal health information protection, build a system combining law and technology, and protect the security of personal health information.
ABSTRACT
Major infectious disease epidemic continues to pose a threat to human health and society, and the effective establishment and implementation of an early warning system plays a key role in addressing public health security risks. At present, the research on early warning of infectious diseases in the academic community mainly focuses on early warning information system, early warning mechanism, laws and regulations of early warning of infectious diseases, and some studies lack specific suggestions on operation methods. By collating and summarizing the literature from 2002 to 2022, regarding the early warning system and mechanism of major infectious diseases, this paper focused on analyzing the public health ethical dilemmas existing in the early warning process and discussing how to strengthen the construction of the early warning system of infectious diseases, so as to lay the foundation for creating more scientific early warning schemes of infectious diseases.
ABSTRACT
To enhance the production of glucose oxidase by recombinant Pichia pastoris, two strategies were developed, which were namely co-feeding of methanol and sorbitol and co-expressing of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and Vitreoscialla hemoglobin (VHb). The volumetric activity reached 456 U/mL by using the strain X33/pPIC9k-GOD, in 5 liter fermentator, with the co-feeding of methanol and sorbitol, it was 0.2 fold higher than that only feeding by methanol. The improved strain was obtained by co-expressing PDI-VHb with GOD. While fermented in a 5 liter fermentator by feeding methanol and sorbitol, the activity of the improved strain reached 716 U/mL with a yield of 7 400 mg/L total soluble protein concentration. These results indicated that heterologous protein expression level can be enhanced by optimizing fermentation condition and co-expression molecular chaperon in Pichia pastoris.
Subject(s)
Bioreactors , Fermentation , Glucose Oxidase , Methanol , Pichia , Metabolism , Recombinant Proteins , SorbitolABSTRACT
The 1,095 bp gene encoding peroxidase from Coprinus cinereus was synthesized and integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris with a highly inducible alcohol oxidase. The recombinant CiP (rCiP) fused with the a-mating factor per-pro leader sequence derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was secreted into the culture medium and identified as the target protein by mass spectrometry, confirming that a C. cinereus peroxidase (CiP) was successfully expressed in P. pastoris. The endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 (Ero1) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) were co-expressed with rCiP separately and simultaneously. Compared with the wild type, overexpression of PDI and Erol-PDI increaseed Cip activity in 2.43 and 2.6 fold and their activity reached 316 U/mL and 340 U/mL respectively. The strains co-expressed with Erol-PDI was used to high density fermentation, and their activity reached 3,379 U/mL, which was higher than previously reported of 1,200 U/mL.
Subject(s)
Coprinus , Culture Media , Cytoplasm , Fermentation , Glycoproteins , Metabolism , Mass Spectrometry , Mating Factor , Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors , Metabolism , Peptides , Peroxidases , Pichia , Metabolism , Protein Disulfide-Isomerases , Metabolism , Protein Folding , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective This study was conducted to describe job stressors of nurses employed in military hospitals and relationship between job stressors and demography characters.Method 296 employed nurses were investigated by nurse job stressor questionnaires.Result Professional and career issues were the most frequently encountered job stressor among employed nurses,the other stressors in descending order were workload and time pressure,patient care and interaction,resource and environmental problems,management issues.Job stressors of nurses could be influenced by their age,job title,et al.Conclusion The finding suggest that effective stress management strategies should be relieve job stress.